三惑

三惑
A Tiantai classification of the three delusions, also styled [lang id =1028]三煩惱; [lang id =1028]三漏; [lang id =1028]三垢; [lang id =1028]三結; trials or temptations, leakages, uncleannesses, and bonds. The first of the following three is common to all disciples, the two last to bodhisattvas. They arise from (a) [lang id =1028]見, [lang id =1028]思, [lang id =1028]惑 things seen and thought, i.e. illusions from imperfect perception, with temptation to love, hate, etc.; to be rid of these false views and temptations is the discipline and nirvāṇa of ascetic or Hīnayāna Buddhists. Mahāyāna proceeds further in and by its bodhisattva aims, which produce their own difficulties, i.e. (b) [lang id =1028]塵沙惑 illusion and temptation through the immense variety of duties in saving men; and (c) [lang id =1028]無明惑 illusions and temptations that arise from failure philosophically to understand things in their reality.
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﹝出天台四教儀集註﹞ 惑者, 昏迷不了之義也。 〔一、 見思惑〕, 見即分別也, 謂意根對法塵起諸邪見, 故名見惑; 思即思惟, 又貪染也, 謂眼耳鼻舌身五根貪愛色聲香味觸五塵, 而起想著, 故名思惑。 此見、 思惑, 亦名通惑者, 通聲聞、 緣覺、 菩薩三乘共斷故也。 〔二、 塵沙惑〕, 塵沙惑者, 謂眾生見、 思數多, 如塵若沙, 乃他人分上之惑, 菩薩之行, 專為化他, 若令眾生能斷見、 思之惑, 於菩薩即是斷塵沙惑; 而亦名別惑者, 別在菩薩所斷故也。 〔三、 無明惑〕, 無明惑者, 謂於一切法無所明了, 故曰無明。 此惑乃業識之種子, 煩惱之根本。 聲聞、 緣覺不知其名; 別在大乘菩薩, 定慧雙修, 萬行具足, 方斷此惑。 故亦名別惑也。
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見思惑、 塵沙惑、 無明惑。 見思惑是凡夫的惑, 見思惑中的見惑是知見上的迷惑錯誤, 如身見邊見等五不正見是, 思惑是思想上的迷惑錯誤, 如貪瞋痴慢疑等五煩惱是, 聲聞緣覺行人若斷了此二惑, 即能証得阿羅漢果, 出離三界; 塵沙惑是菩薩的惑, 菩薩化度眾生, 如果不通達如塵如沙的無量法門, 則不能完成教化眾生的事業, 故名塵沙惑; 無明惑係根本無明, 能障蔽中道實相之理, 斷盡即成佛。 此三惑中, 見思為粗, 塵沙屬于中等, 無名為細, 其性質各不相同。

Dictionary of Buddhist terms. 2013.

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